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| Michel Foucault at nytimes.com |
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| Joseph Campbell at brittanica.com |
1. Research "Michel Foucault panopticon." Read then write about what you find.
2. Research "Joseph Campbell hero's journey." Read then write about what you find. Apply this theory to The Lion King: How does The Lion King fit Campbell's hero's journey?
You have 15 minutes to do these two tasks, then we will practice forum procedures.
102 comments:
The panopticon effect is used to show power within an architectural structure. Michel's idea originated within prisons where the guard would stand at a central tower and look down upon the inmates. He would be able to see them, but they would not be able to see him. This gives the inmates a sense of fear and question. He would be an object of information but not a subject of communication.
The Hero's journey template is something that can be followed in many literary works. It provides a process in which a heroic character has the potential to grow and change throughout the story. This idea is universal and can be found in almost every work. The Hero's Journey can be interpreted in many ways and also changed.
Michel Foucault is a french philosopher, writer, and literary critic who primarily focuses on the relationship of power and knowledge for society. He also created the Panopticon theory, where someone in a tower can see all prisoners, but prisoners can't see in the tower.
Joseph Campbell is an American professor who wrote The Hero's Journey, suggesting everyone can be a hero if you follow the steps to become one. This allows anyone to realize their potential to help themselves and others within the community.
Michels Foucault was a French philosopher, he was particularly influential with his intentions of overturning accepted wisdom, and illustrating the dangers in the enlightenment reforms. Foucault greatly believed in the freedom of people. And that individuals react to situations in different ways. Foucault's Panopticon was an architectural design put forward by Jeremy Bentham for prisons, insane asylums, schools, hospitals, and factories. The panopticon offered a way of consistent observation of its occupants. Foucault believed that power and knowledge comes from observing others
http://www.moyak.com/papers/michel-foucault-power.html
The Hero's Journey is a structure that is common in cultures worldwide. The main character ventures into unknown territory to retrieve something or achieve a goal of some kind. The character faces conflict and advisory, but the hero triumphs before returning home transformed. This can be shortened into three different acts: the departure act, the initiation act, and the return act. The Hero's Journey doesn't have to be followed step by step, but more thought of as a map through the story. In the movie The Lion King, Simba is driven away by Scar. Simba leaves the Pride lands and goes off to die, but he is soon found by new friends. This is the departure act. Simba grows up singing no worries and eating grubs, not thinking about the life he lived before. One day, however, Nala shows up looking for food and informs Simba of what has happened to his homelands. Simba at first fights the idea of going back, but after some poking and prodding make his way back to the Pridelands. This and the final fight would be the Initiation act. The final act, the return act, is the ending when Simba triumphs and is crowned king.
Foucault claims the panopticon's major goal is to maintain a constant state of surveillance. By constantly regulating even the small details, discipline is created. The permanent visibility a prisoner in the panopticon faces acts as a power of the prisoner. In the panopticon, the prisoner can be seen at any moment, but he doesn't always know when he is being watched.
The hero's journey can be divided into three parts. The first one is the departure, the moment when the hero leaves the familiar world behind. In The Lion King, Simba leaves the familiar home of Pride Rock after his father dies. By leaving Pride Rock, Simba faces uncertainty and abandons all comfort. Next, is the initiation, the point where the hero learns to navigate the unfamiliar world. During Simba's time away from Pride Rock, he eventually becomes used to his new world through the help of Timone and Pumba. They teach him how to eat and live with no worries. Finally, Simba comes to the final part, the return. In The Lion King, after Nala comes and talks to Simba, he struggles with accepting his duty to return home. However, after talking with his father, Simba undergoes a personal metamorphosis in which he finally feels ready to return and face his enemy. Besides the three main parts, there are also many smaller plot points that mark a hero's journey, and many, if not all of these can be found in the lion king.
Michel Foucault talked about the Panopticon. When only the guards can see the prisoners and the prisoners can not see the guards, in theory the prisoners will always believe that they are being watched. Foucault wrote, “in the inmate a state of conscious and permanent visibility.” So he figured that because the prisoners have no way of knowing if they are being supervised they will always just assume they are even if only one or no guards are on duty.
Joseph Campbell's hero's journey is like a cookie-cutter way of writing a hero storyline. They all follow the same general path. The lion king also follows this hero's journey. The call to adventure is when Simba has to run away from home. His supernatural aid is when Timon and Pumba save him from the vultures. His threshold point is when he goes from a cub to an adult lion. Some mentors and helpers he has along the way are Nala and Rafiki. His challenge is overcoming the past and moving on. His Abyss is when he sees his dad and decides to return home. His return is defeating scar and becoming king.
According to Foucault's panopticon theory, people internalize authority. He argues that panopticon is a symbol of social control that extends into people's everyday lives. For example, while driving you may stop at a red light even if no one else is present.
The hero's journey is split into 12 main events that happen in a circle. It begins with the ordinary world, next is the call to adventure, refusal of the call, meeting the mentor, crossing the threshold, tests allies and enemies, approach the inmost cave, the ordeal, the reward, the road back, resurrection, return with the elixir, and finally return to the ordinary world. These apply to many different stories like Star Wars and the Lion King. Simba starts off ordinary as the son of Mufassa, the future king. After Mufassa dies Simba runs away. He meets with Rafiki who convinces him to return. He then returns to pride rock
where he overcomes scar and returns back to his ordinary world.
1. The panopticon is a concept of discipline. The guards sit in a tower in the middle of the jail cells and are able to see every cell. The prisoners cannot see into the tower, so they never know when they are being watched or not. Because of not knowing if they are being watched or not, they have to be on their best behavior at all times. This introduces discipline with the fear of always being watched.
2. The Hero's Journey starts with a call to adventure, then crossing over the threshold which is the beginning of the transformation. There are mentors and helpers along the way, and the hero is rebirthed. He undergoes a transformation, atonement, and then finally returns back to the place he started at as a different person. This is very similar to The Lion King. Simba leaves his home for an adventure, finds his mentors Pumbaa and Timon, and changes. He finally returns home a changed man and becomes king.
1. Michel Foucault's panopticon was in lame man terms "surveillance used for disciplinary reasons". This can be mixed with today's word in so-called "surveillance capitalism" or the ability to track a person and then use that info to punish a person for their wrongdoings. A lot of times this is to do with new technology products entering our society.
https://ethics.org.au/ethics-explainer-panopticon-what-is-the-panopticon-effect/#:~:text=French%20philosopher%2C%20Michel%20Foucault%2C%20was,%E2%80%9Ccruel%2C%20ingenious%20cage%E2%80%9D.
2. Joseph Campbell's hero's journey is basically a circle of events that start out in the everyday world. They then proceed on to a "call to adventure" or something that has happened that needs attention. This then leads to tests and challenges that someone might face, but through these challenges, the next step is "Supreme Ordeal" or the meeting with a god or goddess. Finally, the character is "transformed" through the teaching of the god or goddess and sets off to return and face the challenges he/she left behind. This relates to the Lion King because this is exactly the same path Simba took. He faced challenges, ran away, was met by his father the "god" and returned to face his challenges against Scar. He was then left to live the rest of his life in peace.
http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Workshop-stuff/Joseph-Campbell-Hero-Journey.htm
Michel Foucault's panopticon is a prison designed to allow the prison guard or observer, to watch the inmates without the inmates knowing they are the one who is being watched. The panopticon is made to make the observer's presence known, but only as a shadow. This way, no matter which way the observer is facing, the inmates will think that the observer is looking at them.
Joseph Campbell's "The Hero's Journey" is the main way stories are often played out. The hero begins with their call to adventure, in The Lion King, Simba's call to adventure is going to the shadow regions, where he is not supposed to go. The refusal to the call is that Mufasa tells him to not go there, but he goes there anyway. His supernatural aid is Mufasa saving him from the Hyenas. His threshold is when Mufasa dies and Simba is cast out of the Pridelands where he then meets Pumba and Timon, these are his helpers. Hakuna Matata is the main temptation, steering Simba from being king, and Nala remeeting Simba is his rebirth, to a point. Another part of his rebirth is when his mentor, Rafiki, helps Simba talk to Mufasa again. The second threshold is when Simba goes back to the Pridelands to challenge Scar and inevitably wins. His return is when his own cub is born.
Michel Foucault theorizes about the panopticon and argues that the ultimate goal is for the inmates to believe that they are always visible while they are incarcerated. With the inmates under the impression that they are continually being watched, this gives power automatic power to whoever is watching over them. It is theorized that only one officer could control the entire population.
The hero's journey is described as the monolith for all heroic adventures. There are three different sections to the hero's journey. There is the departure, the initiation, and the return. The hero's journey is used in the lion king as Simba has to leave and become king but has to go through the process that any other hero has had to go through.
The panopticon effect was forcing people to behave on their own free will. By making the tower, that a guard would monitor the prisoners, visible to all prisoners at all times then the guards would be peaceful and monitor themselves. Given that the punishments were given out in the beginning. This could make it possible to only have one guard on duty for an entire prison.
The hero's journey describes how a character in a story will be faced with "a call to adventure" to make them leave the home of their own free will or because they need to. It then describes the journey of the hero learning how to adventure properly or harness power that they already contain. These stages may or may not have a mentor. It will lead to the climax of facing the biggest obstacle whether it is a person, puzzle, or other difficulties. The hero will often leave for home with their new prize or power.
Regarding Michel Foucault's take on the panopticon, he uses it as an example of how to regulate and control a society of people. In prisons, the prisoners cannot see the guard, but they hear him/her. Thus, prisoners do not know what the power is, so it seems like the prisoners are being told what to do through their self-consciousness. The guard serves as strictly a spreader of information, but not as a communicator. It is a way of providing surveillance that may not be there all the time, but the prisoners feel that they must not succumb to the evils that landed them there.
Regarding Joseph Campbell's Hero Journey and its connection to the Lion King, the similarities are vast. The journey is a cycle of events throughout a story that involves the hero as the main character and lists all the events that a typical hero goes through. In the Lion King, Simba is the main character. Since he is supposed to be a king, it can be reasoned that he is the "hero" in the story. His journey from the beginning of the movie to the end closely follows the ideas of Joseph Campbell's thinking. It all starts with the call to adventure and the meeting of a mentor, being Simba wanting to be king and being under the leadership of his father, Mufasa. Following this, there are many challenges and problems that the hero faces. In this case, Simba faces the temptations and the undisciplined nature of wanting to be king, which hurts him many times throughout the plot. His undisciplined nature eventually follows him to Scar, who causes the death of Mufasa. The hero now faces a death/rebirth period. Simba believes that his father's death was his fault, which causes him to run away, shedding his past and living a new life. There is a large transformation that happens to the hero following his rebirth, where Simba transforms from a kid lion to a male lion. Finally, there is a hero atonement and a return of the hero, where Simba finds out that the kingdom needs him and he comes back to save his family and kingdom. The hero's journey is a very close representation of Simba's life throughout the story.
Michel Foucault based his panopticon idea around a prison that was made so all the prisoners would be watched all the time. The idea is that you can gain power over the prisoners if they know they are being watched all the time. It will make them feel as if everything they do is being watched whether or not it actually was. Over time, this idea caused the prisoners to behave much better and there were a lot fewer problems.
Joseph Campbell’s idea of the Hero’s Journey describes the path many heroes take in stories. It starts out with an ordinary world. Then it moves to a call to adventure, which is rejected. Later, it moves into the “special world” where the character learns many lessons and eventually comes back to the ordinary world stronger. Many times the character will end up saving the day when they come back. The path Simba took from boy to king follows a very similar path to this one.
The Panopticon is a system of control. A guard of some kind stands in a central tower then the "inmates" or whoever is locked up stand in cells surrounding the tower where they are always in constant sight of the guard, this creates a sense of control over the captives.
Joseph Campbells was a professor who has the belief that if anyone follows the right steps anyone has the ability to be a hero. All stories follow the same path in forming a hero. The hero goes off on a spritual journey to find themselves and return to be a hero.
Michel Foucault panopticon- Expanded the idea of a panopticon into a symbol of social control that extended into everyday life for everyone. He argues that social citizens always internalize authority, this is one source of power for prevailing norms and institutions.
Joseph Campbell's hero's journey- More useful for longer works than short stories.
1. Call to adventure- Simba runs away and meets Timone and Pumba. Nala tries to get him to come back.
2. Refusal of the call- Simba refuses to listen to Nala and walks away.
3. Supernatural aid- Rafiki visits Simba and Simba sees his dad in the sky.
4. first threshold- Simba returns to pride rock
5. challenges and temptations- Hakuna Matata challenges him to not want to return.
6. Abyss (Death and rebirth)- Scar tries to guilt Simba again, but Simba fights back
7. transformation- He accepts what happens and changes for the good.
8. Ultimate Boon- He fights Scar and defeats him for good.
9. (Gift of the goddess) and the return- Simba takes his place as king and continues his life with Nala.
Michel Foucault's panopticon was a metaphor for a relationship in which he looked at social control and disciplinary situations that people found themselves in, and contrasted these two things to the power-knowledge concept. Foucault believed power and knowledge came from observing others. He says that by observing others, people become "normalized". He says this forces us to conform to society. Foucault says the real danger is that people are fabricated into the social system.
Joseph Campbell's hero's journey is a circle of events that happen right after each other. The first event is the call to adventure. In the lion king, Simba takes Nala into the elephants Cemetary, there is then a supernatural aid in which Mufasa saves Nala and Simba from the hyenas. Then come temptations and challenges, Scar tells Simba to sit in the valley and Mufasa dies. This is the abyss. Simba becomes a totally different lion in a new setting with his new friends Timon and Pumba. Then Rafiki comes into his life and convinces him to go back which is the gift of the goddess. Simba then goes back to save the day and his pride.
Panopticon is the way for guards to see the prisoners without the prisoners being able to see the guards. He believes power needs to be visible and unverifiable. In this particular setup, the inmates will see the big tower in the middle and assume there are many guards in there watching their every move but they will not see how many guards there are or even shadows of guards because they will be in the tower. He thinks that you do not need to enforce good behavior on these inmates but because they know they are being watched they will have good behavior on their own.
https://fs.blog/2014/07/the-panopticon-effect/
The Heros journey applies to the Lion King a significant amount of times by having the birth of Simba who is in line to be the next king. As Simba grows he is under the wing of his father and he has temptations to explore and he ends up almost dying from one of them but his father saved him. Next Simba's father died in an accident that Simba believes he was the cause of so Simba runs away and meets two "hippies" who teach him to have no worries and change his whole lifestyle. Then Simba gets found by Rafiki a monkey who has been set to play a priest and Nala finds him and tells him he needs to come back because Scar took over and they were all about to go down and so Simba came back and saved the Kingdom.
http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Workshop-stuff/Joseph-Campbell-Hero-Journey.htm
Michel Foucault Panopticon
This was the idea that if a prison inmate always knows that a guard could be watching him, but never knew if one was or not, he would self-regulate his behavior. Foucault built a prison where the guards could see the prisoners, nu the prisoners couldn't see the guards. In the beginning the prisoners were always guarded and bad behavior was punished, but after a while, the prisoners began to self-regulate their behavior.
Joseph Campbell Hero's Journey
This is a general pattern that a lot of fictional heroes follow through the course of their story. It is grouped into three stages departure act, initiation act, the return act. This was further broken down into 12 stages. These include the ordinary world, the call of adventure, refusal of the call, meeting the mentor, crossing the threshold, tests allies enemies, approach the inmost cave, the ordeal, reward, the roadblock, resurrection, and return. These stages portray the protagonist's journey as he goes away, meets people, grows, triumphs, and comes back.
A Panopticon is an architectural structure that allows for constant observation of those in it. Foucault used the Panopticon to explore the connection between social control/disciplinary situations and the power-knowledge concept. Foucault came to believe power came from observing others. This idea, he found, could also be used as a disciplinary power. Constant surveillance in disciplinary institutions sets a standard for behavior. The allusion of surveillance achieves the same effect.
Simba is called to adventure by Scar’s remarks about the elephant graveyard. Zazu and Mufasa represent the supernatural aid that saves Simba and Nala from the hyenas. Mufasa’s death marks the beginning of Simba’s transformation. Pumba and Timon act as helpers for Simba after Mufasa’s death (save him from the buzzards). The phrase “Hakuna Matata” acts as Simba’s mentor. He follows the concept of the phrase closely while living with Timon and Pumba. Rafiki acts as another helper and guides Simba back to his intended path. Simba is reborn after Rafiki “shows” him Mufasa is alive. Simba goes through a transformation after speaking with Rafiki and deciding to return to Pride Rock. Simba’s moment of atonement comes when he defeats Scar. Simba then returns to the throne.
Michel Foucault Panopticon
This was the idea that if a prison inmate always knows that a guard could be watching him, but never knew if one was or not, he would self-regulate his behavior. Foucault built a prison where the guards could see the prisoners, nu the prisoners couldn't see the guards. In the beginning the prisoners were always guarded and bad behavior was punished, but after a while, the prisoners began to self-regulate their behavior.
Joseph Campbell Hero's Journey
This is a general pattern that a lot of fictional heroes follow through the course of their story. It is grouped into three stages departure act, initiation act, the return act. This was further broken down into 12 stages. These include the ordinary world, the call of adventure, refusal of the call, meeting the mentor, crossing the threshold, tests allies enemies, approach the inmost cave, the ordeal, reward, the roadblock, resurrection, and return. These stages portray the protagonist's journey as he goes away, meets people, grows, triumphs, and comes back.
Foucault believed that instead of outright punishing people, it was better to use physiological ways of making said people believe if they did anything wrong that they would be punished for it. Power only needs to be visible and implied. It's not necessary to verify that you are being watched at any given moment as long as you believe you are. Take, for instance, the second amendment. It makes it so the government can't be completely in control and they are under constant fear that if they did anything wrong that they would be taken over by the people. Both Mufasa and Simba think that they are being watched over by the kings of the past. It keeps them in line and seems to work with keeping them in line and staying good people.
https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/english/theory/newhistoricism/modules/foucaultcarceral.html
The lion king comes full circle just like a Hero's Journey. Mufasa acts as Simba's mentor, telling him what to do in life and helping him grow up. But like all mentors, he left Simba (i.e. he died). The Lion King seems to follow the Hero's Journey to a T and it certainly worked in order to create an amazing story and movie.
http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Workshop-stuff/Joseph-Campbell-Hero-Journey.htm
Michel Foucault was a man who discovered a better way of security for people in prisons. He discovered that if he located a tower in the center of the prison, the people incarcerated will feel like they are being watched all the time. Even though the prisoners feel like they are being watched, they are not always being watched. He discovered that prisoners will behave and act better if they have in the back of their mind that they could be being watched at that very moment. Just like in the Lion King, the stars are watching Simba all the time.
Joseph Campbell's book Hero's Journey is the same circle of events as the Lion King. Just like Simba, the circle of having to go away, finding a mentor, become "alive" again, and become the hero once again after he realizes what has happened to his family portrays the same circle of events that this book describes. This book is almost used as a formula for a story about creating a hero.
Michel Foucault arrived at a way to better prison with ht "Panopticon". The Panopticon gives the idea of structuring the prison so that cells would be open to a central power. The people in the cell would never interact, but would constantly be confronted by the panoptic (all-seeing) tower. They never know when someone is in the tower, but it creates paranoia in the prison and amongst the inmates. Foucault believed this is how society should function, the idea that any person could be surveilled at any time to uphold a democratic and capitalist society.
Joseph Campbell's Hero's Journey is a circle of events that follows a journey that many books follow. The Lion King is no such exemption. Simba receives his call to adventure by simply being born and receives his mentor immediately in Mufasa. He is separated from Mufasa due to his death and is exiled. His return is his rebirth because all were under the impression that he was dead. He returned and claims the throne and opens up the next circle.
Michel Foucault's theory of panopticism was used to describe how people act better or more acceptable because we always have the feeling that everything we do is being watched or monitored. This applies to all aspects of life like what we post on social media and behaving at school.
Joseph Campbell's Hero's journey is a circle of events starting with departure, to initiation to return. This shows up in the lion king with Simba who leaves because of what he thinks he did. Then his initiation is when he sees Nala again and then him and Rafiki go through the steps of remembering. Finally, he returns to Pride Rock and fights Scar to retake the throne.
Michel Foucault stated that power should be visible yet unverifiable. He tested this by putting a tower in the middle of a prison complex where every prisoner could see it, but couldn't for sure tell if someone was in it. The tower was visible, but the power was unverifiable. Power acting in this way causes an inner conscious for those being watched, to act better.
A Hero's Journey depicts how every Hero should be and is tested as a hero. Going away from home to be tested or discover something they need is the first step. Overcoming that test or whatever they are searching for is next before they can return home a hero. The Disney movie Hercules shows this in epic fashion, along with the Lion King. Simba goes away to find his father in him, he overcomes his past and then returns as King to Pride Rock.
Michel Foucault created the Panopticon theory. This is the disciplinary concept brought to life in the form of a centralized tower placed within a circle of prison cells. The idea is that the guard is able to see each cell and inmate while none of the inmates can see into the tower. The inmates then have no idea whether they are being watched or not.
The concept of the Hero's journey involves a hero who goes out on a quest, is victorious in a crisis, and returns home changed. In the journey, they have mentors (Mufasa) a revelation that turns into transformation and then a return. This is extremely clear in the movie The Lion King. Simba has revelation with the help of the monkey transforms himself and returns as a new lion. It seems as if this concept was used as a method to create the Lion King.
Michel Foucault was a man who devised a way for prisoners to govern themselves in a sort of way. He found that putting a tower in the center of the prison allowed the guards to see everything going on around them. However, if the guard was not visible to the prisoners, then the prisoners must always assume they are being watched. If the prisoners assume they are being watched then they will be on good behavior. The idea of knowing that there is a powerful force watching you that you cannot see can keep some people in line.
Joseph Campbell sums up the common plot of most heroes in a story. They are forced from their home, then they face adversity and challenges that change them, then they return home triumphant. This is seen in the Lion King because Simba is forced from his home due to Scar. While gone, Simba struggles with his past and meets people who help him move on. However, when he is called to go back home, he refuses and his internal struggle continues. Finally, he does return home and defeats his uncle. Then there is his moment of triumph where he is on top of Pride Rock.
Michel Foucault explored new ways for prison security. A tower, in the center, with wide windows all facing the inner side of the ring was his idea. With 2 windows that allow light to cross the cell, this would appear as if nothing was outside looking in. This would mean only one supervisor is needed to work in the center tower. This would mean the supervisor would be able to watch without being seen. The inmate will never know if he is being looked at or not. This would mean the inmate would have no idea when and if a supervisor was watching them closely; making them always "behave" with the idea of someone possibly watching.
Hero's Journey
Joseph Campbell has had theories surrounding the concept of "monomyth". Which means the hero's journey. He created 17 stages of the monomyth, which could be broken down into 3 main acts. First one is a departure, which can be a character receiving a call to venture out from their home. The next one is an initiation where the character would face hardships. Finally, the return section, where they would travel back and be transformed for the better. This perfectly fits The Lion King. Simba leaves his home, after the death of Mufasa. He then faces struggles when finding a new home, family, and life. He struggles and changes during this time dramatically. Simba is finally called back to return to Pride Rock. He is greeted with one last challenge and overcomes it. This correlates with the Hero's journey perfectly.
Michel Foucault found the invention of the Panopticon. It is a way for a guard to see others without being seen himself. He also expanded this to the real world saying that everyone internalizes authority. Even when they are not present people still follow the rules. The prisoners will feel watched at all times even though they are not actually being watched. He shows that this will make them obey the rules as they have a fear they are being seen.
Campbell says in his book that "A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself". This can be related to the lion king because even though Simba did not want to go back to Pride Rock right away he knew it was better for the rest of the animals. In Hero's Journey, the hero comes back to his normal life after going on the journey and has been changed, this is the same as Simba in the Lion King. The circle of events in both stories is very similar. Simba leaves on a "journey", then his views on life change, and finally comes back as a different person.
Michel Foucault developed an architectural system that allows one person to look wherever they want in a building without being seen by anyone they are watching. This can be useful because only one guard is needed for lookout, but it offers much more than that. The knowledge that you might be being watched at any moment is very motivating in the sense that you will rarely take the risk and do something wrong. It is a great way to be in control of a group without drastic measures.
Joseph Campbell's Hero's Journey is a stereotypical story model for many works of literature. The Hero is removed from their homeland, learns to navigate their new environment, has a battle with their enemy that sets everything right, and returns home for a happy ending. Plenty of classic literature follows this outline, my favorites being The Odyssey and The Lord of the Rings. The Lion King also follows this model, but with some variation. Simba does not go on his unexpected journey until after he is accustomed to his new environment. He accepts life in the Oasis with Timon and Pumba and only undertakes an unexpected journey back to Pride Rock after Rafiki convinces him to. He obviously has a battle with Scar and is victorious, and is only considered home once he is king and it begins to rain. All of these factors make The Lion King an excellent example of a Hero's Journey.
Michel Foucault explored Panopticon, which is a way for a guard to see others without being seen himself. When exploring the Panopticon we have to think of the architectural composition. How do we build a building with the ability for one to see everything but the others to see everything but that area? This creates the "inmate state of conscious and permanent visibility" They do not know if they are being watched and by who, which creates paranoia. The watcher usually gets a sense of power from doing so. In the end, the inmate begins to regulate their own behavior, meaning they could not see the guard but their own conscious acts as a "guard" in order to keep in line.
Joseph Campbell came up with the formula of The Hero's Journey. This formula helps us recognize plots for stories and how the book continues to entertain us and inspire us to read more. The formula goes with a beginning "call to adventure" soon after, a transformation where we will meet a mentor or a helper; after that, the protagonist usually hits challenges, then the climax, after the climax comes another transformation, and then the book starts to settle down with atonement and the return home. After reading this formula I am starting to recognize the same formula used in a lot of books and movies.
Michel Foucault had a theory that power should be visible but unverifiable. In his discovery, he explains that in a prison system a tower could be produced where the prisoners can not tell if they are being watched or not. Doing this procedure, in theory, would cause the prisoners to act better as anyone could be watching at any given time. By having the tower constructed as it is, prisoners will be on their best behavior because they can not see whether higher power is watching them.
Joesph Campbells hero's story tells the arc in which a hero story is made. Through this arc, we can create The Lion King. The Lion King opens with Simba just being born and everything as it should be. Then Simba wants to become king and take after his father. He makes a wrong decision and runs into hyenas which he could not face himself, causing him to draw back in his ideal of being king. His mentor to some degree is his father, Mufasa. Then comes the part where Mufasa is murdered and Simba becomes outcasted by his own uncle. He leaves Pride Rock to go to the jungle where he meets Timon and Pumba. Simba lives a somewhat happy life there while growing up. The reward would be when Nala comes to the jungle looking for food. A part of his life comes back to him. Simba makes the journey back to Pride Rock, deciding to forgive himself. He fights Scar for the rightfulness to the throne. Simba wins allowing the resurrection of Pride Rock. The end shows a new cub being brought into the pack with Simba at the head of the kingdom.
1.) Foucault was a man who believed in the power of a panopticon. A Panopticon is a design specifically made for prisons, asylums, schools, hospitals, and factories. In this design, "democratic" prisons were put in place where guards could see prisons constantly. There would be a high central tower that is unseen by prisoners. This constant and unseen observation would act as a "control mechanism". This design was actually a way that Foucault could explore the relationship between social control/people who are being disciplined and the "power-knowledge" concept. This concept is paralleled in The Lion King when Simba and Mufasa believe that the Great Kings before them were watching them in the form of stars. They are always being watched, and that empowers them.
2.) According to Joseph Campbell, there are 12 steps that recur in mythology all over the world. The same ideas continue to repeat in order to create a balance in the world of greek mythology. A great hero starts the story, and another great hero ends it. Many have taken the time to diagram this idea and have come to the realization that it is a circle. In The Lion King, a circle holds great value due to its parallel to "the circle of life". In The Lion King, the lions are at the top and eat the antelope. The lion eventually dies and turns into the grass, and then the antelope get something to eat. It all comes around full circle, just as Joseph Campbell's theory does.
The Panopticon was a way for a prison guard to see others without himself being seen. Its purpose was to exercise power and induce in the inmate a feeling of permanent visibility. This could be used in other places outside of prisons such as workplaces and schools. Joseph Campbell's hero's journey theory is a similar pattern to all hero stories. They usually start with the departure act when the hero leaves their ordinary life. Then the go into the initiation act where the hero goes into unknown territory and faces many trials and challenges. Finally, there is the return act when the hero returns the victor. This can be applied to the Lion King. The initiation act would be when Scar kills Mufasa and Simba leaves his normal life. Then he enters the initiation act where he goes into unknown territory and faces challenges like battling Scar. Finally, he goes through the return act where Simba defeats Scar and returns the pride lands to what they once were.
Michel Foucault’s panopticon theory outlines the idea for prison or asylums in a circle shape with windows in each cell that point toward a singular watchtower that is occupied by a single guard. This theory allows one man to exercise power over a multitude of people and requires two things: that power be “visible and unverifiable” to whoever such power is being exercised over. First, the prisoners can always see the watchtower high above them, constantly being reminded of whose authority they are under. Secondly, the prisoners never know whether the guard is watching them or not, so they must always do what they are supposed to because they don’t know if they are being watched or not. Through this, Foucault states that the prisoner will “become the principle of his own subjection”.
Joseph Campbell’s “The Hero’s Journey” outline is followed by almost every single story in existence. An ordinary person (the protagonist) becomes a “hero” by experiencing great trials and tribulations during some great quest or adventure that help evolve them into a better person (or creature). They overcome fears and obstacles, meet new people—both friends and foes, and they always come out on top in the end and life returns back to how it was before (except the protagonist is changed). Simba from Disney’s “The Lion King” is no different. He is sent on a “quest” alone in the wilderness as an exile after his father’s death. He meets new friends—Timon and Pumbaa—as well as new enemies (the hyenas, in this case). He develops a great fear of returning home to the Pride Lands because of what happened to his father, but Nala and Rafiki show up to help him overcome his fears, resulting in his gaining of wisdom and bravery and his return to the Pride Lands to confront Scar. He has his most difficult challenge in his battle against Scar, but in the end, everything goes back to how it was before Mufasa’s death, except that Simba is a much-evolved character who demonstrates what he learned during his adventure in his ordinary life afterward.
Panopticon is the idea of having constant surveillance by your uppers on you. Foucault believed that the idea of panopticon was wrong. He believes that this is cruel.
The Hero’s Journey, this is a basic plot idea that is used by many different stories.
Lion King:
A call to adventure: Simba is born
Refusal of the call: Simba wants to be king
Supernatural aid: None
Crossing the first threshold: Going to the hyenas
The Belly of the whale: Attacked by the hyenas
Road of trials: Mufasa saves them from the hyenas
Meets the goddess: Simba learns about the past kings
Temptation: Simba runs away from the pack
Atonement with father: Simba gives up his family to be with tamone and pumba
Apotheosis: Simbe learns to not care about anything
The ultimate boon: Simba is happy with his new family
Refusal to return: Simba rejects Nala and sees rafiki
Magic flight: Montage of Simba running back to the pride lands.
Rescue from without: Simba’s friends arrive with him.
Crossing the return threshold: Scar reveals he killed Mufasa.
Master of two worlds: The battle ends
Freedom to live: There is peace in the pridelands.
Michel Foucault discovered a better way to imprison someone. The building you place them in which is a tower in the center of the prison with windows on all sides. By doing this the prisoner can see out at all times and watch the city-goers regretting his decisions and wanting to be back out into the real world. At the same time though the prisoners also live in constant dread not knowing whether or not they are being looked at by the everyday civilians. This plays more of a mind game with the prisoners and is less cruel but yet possibly even more effective.
https://fs.blog/2014/07/the-panopticon-effect/
Joseph Campbell wrote in his book "Hero's Journey" basically a formula that goes along with how all "Hero" in books and movies go about. It is a circle that shows the stages or paths, in which the hero goes down. Then how the hero comes back and saves the day or has some big news. This formula, all strung together creates a great plot and amazing climax. You can find this formula through the entire movie "The Lion King" as Simba grows up, leaves, then come back again and save the day.
http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Workshop-stuff/Joseph-Campbell-Hero-Journey.htm
The Panopticon Effect is based solely on self-discipline. As Michel Foucault discovered, when a security guard stood watch in a tower in the middle of the prison, inmates feel like they are being watched all the time. The fact that the inmates were unsure of how many guards were in the tower and when they are being watched led them to self regulate their behavior.
Joseph Cambell lays out a step by step process for a hero's journey. The hero's journey involves a hero who goes on an adventure, learns a lesson, the returns home transformed. The first step is the departure. The hero endures a struggle or seeks to find new things, thus leaving his/her familiar world behind. Next is the initiation, in which the hero learns to navigate the unfamiliar world. Lastly is the return. This is when the hero comes to a realization or learns a lesson and returns to the familiar world. This is exactly what Sima goes through in the Lion King. After the death of Mufasa, Simba thinks he can never show his face at Pride Rock again, so he runs away to an unfamiliar place. After years of a carefree life, he is made aware of what is going on at Pride Rock under Scar's rule and realizes that he must go back. Through battling Scar and discovering the truth about Mufasa's death, Simba takes his rules over Pride Rock.
Michel Foucault's idea of the panopticon is a way for someone in power to create fear and hysteria in another group of people. First used in prisons there would be a tower in the middle of the prison in which the prisoners couldn't see if the guard was looking at them or not. This in turn led to the prisoners slowly changing their behaviors.
Joseph Campbell created the idea of a hero's journey. He founded the idea of how the Star Wars movies were laid out with a 12 step process. The "hero" would go through a challenge and after all of these events they would come out as a changed character.
Panopticon:
It is a prison layout system that is very efficient and keeps all the prisoners in line. It is a system where all of the cells are in a circle shape and all facing towards the middle of the room which houses the tower for the guards. Having all the cells exposed to the guard's tower 24/7 keeps the prisoners out of line because there is always a chance that a guard can see them and can see that they are doing something wrong. Thus the prisoners do not do anything because they know someone could be watching them.
Hero’s Journey:
Cambell’s idea about a hero’s journey is that there is a set/main plot for any journey of a hero. They get a call to adventure, resistance for them to continue, challenges/tests, something that changes their perspective, transformation, death and rebirth, challenges when returning, return/freedom.
This reminds me of The Lion King because Simba went on a hero’s journey as well. Although it doesn’t go into every step that Cambell talks about, Simba does get most of the main points. His call to adventure was his father dying. He then goes through a trial of trying to escape the death of his father, sort of runs away from it.
The panopticon was the idea that if someone believed that someone was watching and waiting to punish them they would watch themselves and prevent the punishment even if there is no one watching. This idea is placed into The Lion King by the stars placed in the sky. There may not actually be spirits of past kings watching over them but if they believe it then they are going to behave as if there are.
Campbell's hero journey fits well with The Lion King. The refusal of the call would be when Simba refuses to become king. Timone and Pumba trying to convince him to stay in the jungle would be his temptation from the true path. His first threshold would be chasing down the baboon. The revelation would come from him looking into the reflection of the water and seeing his father in him. His final rebirth comes from Scar hitting Sarabi and him turning into his father. The final challenge comes in the form of his fight with Scar.
Michel Foucault made his work about finding differences between our society and the one before our time. He has different beliefs on accepted wisdom. If something doesn't make sense to him, he will support it with evidence as to why that idea is false. He thinks if prisoners feel like they are being watched at all times, they will police themselves and won't try anything stupid. This relates to the public. If people feel they are being watched, they, in theory, will do less stupid things to get them into trouble. This relates to the Lion King because Simba feels as if he is being watched at all times by his ancestors in the stars.
Joseph Campbell's hero's journey is a chart that shows how a hero becomes what he is. The Lion King is a perfect movie for this chart to show how Simba grew strong. The call to adventure was Simba knowing he would be king someday. The first transition was Mufasa's death and Simba feeling guilty. Simba ran away and went through different challenges and trials to find who he really was. The transformation was when Simba interacted with his dad through the clouds and felt he needed to go back home. The final test was defeating Scar and take over Pride Rock again.
Michels panopticon, in lamest terms, states that social citizens find a way to internalize authority. A good example is when a person is driving down an empty street in the middle of the night. They come to a stop at a red light even with no other cars around them. Why. We have been taught to conform to authority, even when there is seemingly none present. We are instilled that wherever we go, there is some authority figure always watching us and the consequences are still applicable.
Joseph Cambell's Hero's Journey is closely related to the Lion King. The Lion King follows the 12 steps that are included in the story very similarly. The order goes like this: Ordinary World, Call to Adventure, Refusal of the Call, Meeting the Mentor, Crossing the Threshold, Tests, Allies, and Enemies, approach the Inmost Cave, The Ordeal, Reward, Road Back, Resurrection, Return with Elixir. It is very easy to pick out many scenes in the Lion King where the plot follows closely with this timeline-like structure. Simba crosses each stage one by one as he becomes the king and the viewer may not even know it.
Michel Foucault came up with an idea for prisons to run much more efficiently. Only one guard needs to be present to watch over every prisoner. The cells are arranged in a sort-of amphitheater-like array with a tower in the center watching over them. This setup allows total view of every prisoner. This type of thing reminds me of pride rock in the Lion King; the king can see his entire land and every person just by standing on top of pride rock. However, in Foucault's design, the guards do not have to watch over the prisoners all of the time, however, they feel as if they are. This environment causes prisoners to behave better themselves. It is like the animals of the savannah after Scar takes rule. They were so used to being ruled over by Mufasa that they behave themselves and obey Scar's wishes even though they could easily overtake him by working together.
A hero's journey, according to Joseph Campbell, consists of 12 steps, it is the basic outline that creates a more mature and finished character—a hero. It involves the character leaving, finding something new and becoming enlightened, and then returning to their homeland a new person. This is basically the same storyline that Symba follows in his journey as king. This formula is used in multiple stories and applies to real-life according to Campbell.
1. One of the techniques of power and knowledge that Foucault cited was the Panopticon. Panopticon is an architectural design put forth by Jeremy Bentham in the mid-19th Century for prisons and such. Instead of using violent methods such as torture or putting prisoners into dungeons, Focault believes in the Panopticon system. The Panopticon system is where the guard is in a tower in the middle and all of the prisoners are in cells in a circle around the building. It is efficient punishment because they can't interact with other guards. The guard can also observe all of the prisoners whenever they need to.
2. Hero's journey is the common template of stories that involve a hero who goes on an adventure, is victorious in a decisive crisis, and comes home changed or transformed. I think the Lion King and relate to this on a high note. The hero Simba goes on an adventure to the Elephant graveyard with Nala, but they, unfortunately, run into the evil hyenas. Luckily, Mufasa saves them. Later when Mufasa dies, Simba flees the area and goes out on his own life. When he is away he is out having fun selfishly, while Scar is in charge and starving the lions. Finally, Simba is met by Nala. He finally decides to face reality and come back to his homeland and be king and save the kingdom.
Michel came up with the idea of a prison that would make every prisoner think that they were being watched or not know if they were being watched. This in turn would make the prisoners act much better because they know that they could be in trouble. Just like how in the circle of life all the animals behave and keep them behaving because they know others might be being watched. The lions would be able to stop them then.
The hero's journey will have people return back towards their ultimate goal but after a long road ahead. They get a mentor/helper to get them to return to calling that they had run from in the first place. This is exactly what happened in the Lion King. Simba left and ran from Pride Rock and then Rafiki got him to return and face his past.
1. Michel Foucalt's panopticon focused primarily on the structure of society based on the power of an individual and the control of the government. He particularly studied the transition of a "culture of the spectacle" to "carceral culture". I can infer that this means the change from a societal display of good things and freedom versus culture in prisons. Faucet targetted this area of interest by using Jeremy Bentham's nineteenth-century prison as a model for what happens to society from prison reforms. While Jeremy Bentham saw the "Panopticon" as the perfect prison structure in order to maintain a democratic and capitalist society, Foucault argued that the panoptic model of surveillance has been put into practice too much. The practice of seeing all and being everywhere could cause everyday lives, things that should ordinarily be "free" are no longer. An example of this would be the resemblance between school and fake cameras in stores.
https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/english/theory/newhistoricism/modules/foucaultcarceral.html
2. Joseph Campbell's hero's journey is the overall plot for a lot of fictional hero stories. It connects to the lion king because the movie shows a typical "hero's story". In the movie, Simba has his call to Adventure after Mufasa dies and Scar tells Simba to leave. The journey he takes is new and undiscovered. He first crosses the threshold of his ordinary world to the unknown world when Simba leaves the Pride Lands. After years of being away, Simba is met with a woman as the temptress, meaning that Nala finds him and brings news that they need him to return as king. Simba then decides that he must return as he is ready to take on Scar to become king. He has a supernatural aid in this as his deceased father and all the other kings were watching overhim, this is shown in the sky/clouds.
https://heroinejourneys.com/joseph-campbells-heros-journey-arc/
The goal of the Panopticon Theory is to make people comply in a certain manner by pressure of an unknown presence. Michel Foucault most influenced this idea with his book “Discipline and Punish”. In prisons, the idea was that a prisoner wouldn’t know when or who they were being watched. Today wherever you go there is technology, social media, and surveillance cameras still enforcing this idea that we never know when we are being watched. In the Lion King, Simba always knew that the Kings of the past were watching over him and that is what ultimately encouraged him to go home and take his place as King.
Joseph Campbell had a theory that there is a path that every literary hero follows. They start with a call and struggle to follow it and by the end, they have changed in some way or another. For example, in Campbell's 5th stage of A Hero's Journey, the character leaves his safety behind to face a journey that leads to self-transformation. In the Lion King, Simba does the same thing when he decides to go back to Pride Rock. He is facing his fears and leaving the safety of the jungle behind him. The Pride Lands needed Simba to be their King but he turned away from that calling. He finishes his quest when he stands up to Scar, takes his place as King, and realizes that he no longer fears his past. Campbell also believed that this path is not just for literary heroes, but it can also be found in each of us.
1. Michel Foucault's main goal was to show how our society is structurally different from the one that preceded us. He refers to a society in which the panoptic model of surveillance; social organization, urban planning, and hospital and factory architecture are consisting of the panopticon. This all serves to reform prisoners, treat the unwell, help students, confine the insane, and keep an eye on workers. Overall he saw the "Panopticon" as the perfect structure to maintain and help society grow.
2. Campbell provided a template of stories that involve a hero who goes on an adventure and comes back changed, just like Simba. Simba was called to the lone tree for an adventure with his uncle. After the loss of his father, he ran away and found his friends/mentors that would guide him to the abyss. Spending almost half his life with them, he began to change and adapt to how life was by himself. Nala found him and told him about her situation; immediately Simba returned home and helped pride rock recover.
The Panopticon Effect, created by Michel Foucault, is the thought that somebody is always watching over something. Michel created a study, using a prison, in which there is a central tower in the middle of the prison that can watch over the prisoners. The prisoners would not be able to look up into the tower and see if there is a guard watching over them or not because of lighting. This idea creates the constant thought of whether or not there is a guard up in the tower. Kind of like Schrodinger's Cat, the guard is both there but not there until someone checks. Except in this ideal, the prisoner cannot check so he has to make a guess. Leaving the prisoner in question and fear, he must always do what is right for a chance of there being a guard in the tower.
Joseph Campbell created a theory known as a Hero's Journey. This theory is a step by step process in which the hero of a story must go through to end as the hero. The first step is for the hero to accept the call to adventure, which in Lion King would be when Simba runs away from Pride Rock. Campbell also states that the hero must go through trials and hardships and get ready for a final showdown or fight which causes them to face their worst fear. In The Lion King that would be when Simba must reflect on his past and face his worst fear of returning to Pride Rock. Each step of a Hero's Journey directly correlates to the Lion King.
https://fs.blog/2014/07/the-panopticon-effect/
https://qz.com/1436608/this-classic-formula-can-show-you-how-to-live-more-heroically/
Michele Foucault's idea of a panopticon is one that presents a watchtower where the guards can see the inmates but not vice versa. He describes the inmate as "seen, but he does not see; he is the object of information, never a subject in communication". This would cause inmates to regulate their own behavior because they didn't know whether they were being watched or not.
Joseph Campbell helped refine the idea of the Hero's Journey which is a storytelling technique that is seen a lot in books and film. It begins with the hero receiving a call to adventure followed by an initial refusal to help. Eventually, they are convinced to after being convinced or by having their life/the lives of their friends put in danger. They'll cross several thresholds and trials on the way and even be tempted to stray from his journey. Eventually, he'll hit an all-time low in the story/film before returning to excellence and removing all conflict.
The Panopticon is surrounded by societal structure and institution and how powerful an institution can be over a society. He used a tower that had wide windows that would open on the inside of the jail, the cells extending the whole building. All that the jail required was a supervisor in a central tower outside of the jail and to lock up prisoners. While the guard can be seen, he can not see, but all of the prisoners know who he is—yet no one has ever talked to him. He states that the power of someone should be visible—yet unverifiable. While visible, the inmate will have eyes before them and spied upon, but the inmate will never know if he is being watched or not.
https://fs.blog/2014/07/the-panopticon-effect/
A hero, according to Joseph Campbell, will have a call to adventure assisted by a supernatural aid or mentor. Then there is a threshold that blocks the teaching of a mentor, and thus begins a character's transformation. Obviously, every story has a low point, and during that low point, there is a death of personality and a rebirth all at once. Then beings the atonement for the mistakes, they return, and the process begins once again. In the Lion King, After his father's death, Simba is called to run away far from home. There he meets two helper characters, Tumon and Puumba, that help him grow, but at the same time lead him to his abyss. Once Nala returns and informs Simba of what is occurring at pride rock, his refusal suggests that his personality and abilities will be called upon to have a certain rebirth. But once reunited with a supernatural guide, Rafiki, who will help him hear the message of his father, he comes back to pride rock. Atoning for his actions is the return, and fighting with scar and the hyenas is the return or the gift of the gods, therefore giving Simba a new call to adventure—being the king of the pride lands.
http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Workshop-stuff/Joseph-Campbell-Hero-Journey.htm
Michel Foucault's panopticon was based on the original ideas for surveillance in prisons where the guard would be able to watch prisoners without them being able to see the guard. After a while, they found that prisoners would begin to regulate themselves on their own after they had seen punishment and had the feeling of always being watched. It became a habit to be on good behavior.
Joseph Campbell came up with the idea of "the hero's journey". This follows the typical adventure of a story with some sort of hero in it. He based this off of his own book called "The Hero with a Thousand Faces." I think this fits in with The Lion King because Simba is "called to adventure" when he finds out that he will become king. Zazu and Mufasa teach him some lessons that make him realize the world is a harsh place. After going through these challenges and the temptations of going to the elephant graveyard, Mufasa is killed and so is Simba's excitement about becoming king. He also gets help from Timon and Pumba to help him through his father's death. After Rafiki tells Simba that his father is still alive and living in him, he goes through his rightful transformation of becoming worthy of being king and goes to fight Scar. Then, the lion Gods give the Pride Lands rain again to grow past Scar's rule and lead Simba into his rule. Then we return to the beginning again as Rafiki lifts Simba and Nala's daughter.
Michel Foucault talks about the idea of "constant surveillance". One example of this would be prisoners being watched constantly from a watchtower. Since the prisoners cannot see the guards, but the guards can see them, they must be on their best behavior at all times. When the prisoners have this mindset, it establishes a feeling of power (or the lack of it). This applies to families today because children are now being given phones at a very young age. I found this interesting because social media users are constantly being watched on whatever platform they are using. Anyone can see your profile if you have a public account. However, you cannot see them. When you make a post on Instagram or Facebook, you are going to be more cautious because people are going to have access to it whether you know they do or not.
The hero's journey theory applies to stories such as Star Wars and the Lion King. The main stages include separation, supreme ordeal, and unification. In the Lion King, all of these stages take place. Simba is separated from his family when Scar tells him to leave Pride Rock (separation). When he comes back to face Scar, he is in a life-threatening situation (supreme ordeal). At the end of the movie, of course, he becomes king and lives with Nala and their baby girl (unification). This is your typical hero storyline. Several other stages may occur between events, but these three are the most common.
Michel Foucault was a French historian and philosopher. Michel was able to influence people on the topics of humanistic and social scientific disciplines. Michel had many research studies that involved madness, punishment, sexuality. Out of these studies, Foucault has developed a whole array of other concepts pertaining to his main studies and is seen as a very wise and scholarly figure.
Joseph Campbell's theory on a hero's journey or how someone can become a hero is quite simple yet profound. According to Campbell, "A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself." Campbell believes that anyone can become a hero but that it must involve some kind of trial or painful experience that they must overcome. Campbell believes that a hero must face a sort of showdown that will truly test their genuine heroism and wit. Finally, a hero must return to the lifestyle that they once lived before. They are not meant to have a real physical reward but rather a mental reward. A way for them to see life differently.
Campbell's theory relates to the Lion King because Simba grew up and was designed to be viewed as "a hero," however, he was never given the chance until he was much older to fulfill that. Simba first had to consciously decide that he was going to help defend and overcome something that is difficult. This is the part where a hero is formed. In addition, Simba returned to the place of difficulty and hurt where he faced the one obstacle that would test his heart and mind. In the end, Simba had to return to the regular society and place that he came from. He wasn't given any real reward but he was given the insight and knowledge to be a better king.
https://qz.com/1436608/this-classic-formula-can-show-you-how-to-live-more-heroically/
Panopticon involves the theory that prisoners will act like they are being watched if they think they are. A central tower for guards has the ability to see each cell and inmate. The inmates are not able to tell if the guards are looking at them. Because the inmates know that the guards could be watching, they act as if they are. This theory is not only applied in said prison but can be used in real life as well.
Joseph Campbell's hero's journey is the basic idea behind many hero movies. A summary of this journey would state: the hero lives in his ordinary world, is called to go on an adventure, the hero faces tasks and trials, the hero overcomes the main obstacle, and the hero returns to the ordinary world with his reward. Simba follows this course throughout The Lion King. First, Simba grows up in the ordinary world. He then is called to go on an "adventure" when scar influences him to run away. In the jungle, Timon, Pumba, Nala, and Rafiki all help Simba along with his trials and tasks. Simba returns and faces the main obstacle, Scar. He then returns to the ordinary world with his reward (The reward being his reclaimed kingship). Many other fictional hero movies use the hero's journey as a backbone for their plots.
Michel Foucault was a French Philosopher that is known for the idea of allowing the few to see the many but not the many to see the few. This is known as the panopticon. The panopticon is the main part of the framework of surveillance studies. He theorized that if a guard can watch over all the prisoners but they can not see him that would lead to a sense of fear in the prisoners and it would also allow the guards to watch but be safely away.
Joseph Campbell was a Literature professor at Sarah Lawrence College. He created the Hero’s Journey which is a universal guide to the journey of a hero throughout most if not all of literature. It begins with the call to adventure and ends with the inevitable return of the hero with things in between such as a mentor, a realization about something, and a coming into one's true self.
Michel Foucault's Panopticon Effect explains how there could be a prison with multiple prisoners and only one guard. He explains it as a mindset that you have to insert into the prisoner. The mindset is to have the feeling that you are always being watched, even if that may not be true. In the Lion King, Simba was almost in his out panopticon because the stars were always watching him, so he had to do the right thing. It almost makes me think that if he did not have all that pressure on him, he might not have gone back home to save the Kingdom.
The hero's journey definitely relates to the Lion King. The circle starts out with the call to adventure and Simba had obviously had that since he was a cub. Then comes the threshold where the transformation starts to happen. This occured when Mufasa died and Simba ran away. Most of his transformation occured because of this traumatic experience in his younger days. There are other steps around the circle, but the last stop is the reture which Simba does at the end of the movie to make it come full circle which is what the hero's journey is all about.
The panopticon was a design for a prison that enabled a single guard to be able to watch every prisoner at once. The shape of the building was a circle with cells around the walls with the guard positioned in the middle. The catch is that though the guard can see all the prisoners, the prisoners cannot see the guard. So the prisoners then act as if they are always being watched. Foucalt used this structure to help prove his theory that knowledge is power. The guard is the one with the most power in this situation, because he always knows where the prisoners are. He can always see them; he has the knowledge of where they are. Since it is not physically possible for the guard to watch all of the prisoners, but the prisoners can't see the guard, they have no power. They have no idea if they are being watched in that moment, so they are powerless to try and escape.
Joseph Campbell's theory of the "hero's journey" is the journey that a hero goes through in every story. It's the basis of the plot and the hero's character development. This occurs in The Lion King with Simba. His call to action is when he is banished from the pride lands by scar. Throughout his journey he refuses his duty as king by staying with Timone and Pumba, gains supernatural help from Mufasa, and eventually returns to the pride lands to assume his duty as king.
1. Michel Foucault believed that power was everywhere and it was important because it plays a sort of relationship between individuals. The panopticon was a new way for prisoners to be held without all of the violence, torture, etc. It was a powerful and strategic system that placed the prison guards in the center being able to keep an eye on the prisoners without the prisoners seeing them. The guards held immense power over the prisoners due to the internalization of constant surveillance.
http://www.moyak.com/papers/michel-foucault-power.html
2. Joseph Campbell's hero's journey points out a transformation that all heroes seem to go through. Each hero in these stories in some way or another go through separation, ordeal, decent, and return. Simba's transformation is exactly what Joseph Campbell's hero journey is. Simba at first begins with learning from his dad, he then decides to go out and venture to the "elephant graveyard". He doesn't face the problems that he goes through and instead runs from his problems instead of learning from them. Timon and Pumba mentor Simba but in a way so does Rafiki. Simba learns from his problems and returns saving the lions and fighting Scar.
https://www.tlu.ee/~rajaleid/montaazh/Hero%27s%20Journey%20Arch.pdf
Panopticon is a prison concept in which there is a tower in the middle of a cellblock where the guards can see the prisoners but they can't see the guards, thus never really knowing if they are being watched or not. Foucault expanded on the prison system as a symbol of social control that exists in everyday life, arguing that people internalize authority and how it is a source of power for existing norms and institutions.
Campbell's hero's journey is a common story structure used worldwide. It has a character go into unknown territory to get something they need while facing conflict with the hero finally achieving his goal before returning home. The Lion King fits this story structure. Simba, the hero of the story, has lived with Timon and Pumba for quite some time, then Nala comes and wants Simba to come back and face Scar, which he initially refuses. Simba meets Rafiki and Simba goes through some trials, meets his father, and realizes he needs to go back. Simba, with Nala, Timon, and Pumba, returns to Pride Rock, defeats Scar, and the Pride Lands return to their former glory.
Madeleine Pearce
1. The large central tower of Michel Foucalt's panopticon provides sold evidence that anyone could be watching at any time; however, the inability to see whether that is true or not creates uncertainty in prisoner's minds. By creating a situation of ambiguity instills in the consciousness of inmates the ability to regulate behaviors habitually. The panopticon seems to be manipulative and mentally straining in its design. I cannot imagine the amount of stress that uncertainty creates and the pressure to change your entire mentality and consciousness must drive the subjected people insane.
2. The hero's journey laid out by Joseph Campbell describes a plot split into three Acts (the second split into two parts) that define a character arc for the hero: Separation, Descent, Initiation, and Return. Many small pieces play into the overall growth of the character such as mentors, allies, and resurrection. In the Lion King, Simba's birth into life leads him on a path to becoming the king. Simba meets his mentor almost immediately, Rafiki. Rafiki plays a role in the second part of the second act during Simba's Initiation phase when Rafiki guides Simba through the forest for self-reflection. The resurrection into act three occurs when Simba returns to the Pride Lands with the elixir of his reign gifted by the kings of the past.
1.https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/english/theory/newhistoricism/modules/foucaultcarceral.html
Michel Foucault's panopticon mainly focuses on the structure of society based on the power of an individual and the control of the government. He explores how the government has claimed greater control over the more private aspects of our lives. He specifically explores "culture of the spectacle" to "carceral culture." Showing the punishment was formerly public displays of torture, dismemberment, and obliteration but then this discipline became internalized and directed to the constitution and in some cases when necessary to the rehabilitation of social subjects. Jeremy Bentham's 19th-century prison reforms provided Foucault with a model of what happens in society in the 19th century. In this model, the individuals in the cells do not interact with one another and are constantly challenged by the panoptic tower but if someone is not in the tower they act more freely since they aren't being watched. While Bentham saw this as the perfect prison structure Foucault argued that it is put into too much practice. The ability and idea of seeing all and being everywhere could cause everyday lives to be no longer ordinary and free. A great example of this is social media nowadays you are always leaving an electronic footprint.
2.http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Workshop-stuff/Joseph-Campbell-Hero-Journey.htm
Joseph Campbell's hero's journey is the overall plot for many...many fictional hero stories. This connects well with the Lion King since the movie is a basic hero's story. We have the call to adventure when Simba is told to leave by Scar after Mufasa dies. His first threshold is when you cross the line between the known world and the unknown world which is when Simba leaves the pride lands. The Road of Trials is when Simba is alone and needs help so he ends up meeting Timone and Pumbaa and they assist him. The Woman as Temptress is when Nala finds Simba and tells him what has happened to the pride lands which gives him a new perspective. The transformation is then made with him deciding to go back and take on Scar to become king. The Apotheosis is when all of the shooting stars go to where Simba is and Rafiki sees this. The return threshold is the fight between Scar and Simba. The return is the return to power to Simba and pride rock returning to normal.
Michel Foucault was a french author, philosopher, and thinker. He invented the panopticon, away for a guard to see others without them seeing the guard. This caused the inmates to behave because they know they are being watched even if they can't see the people watching them. His theory states that knowledge is power. He believes that discipline is not achieved by total surveillance but by panoptic discipline which is where the person thinks they are being watched even if they can't see them. We see this everywhere like when we stop at a red light or stop sign on an empty street. He also explains how this is used as a form of social control in everyday life.
Joseph Campbell's hero journey is where a character in a movie or book goes on a journey, meets new friends, encounters roadblocks, fights a bad guy, and then returns home a changed person. Pretty much every superhero movie or just movie, in general, follow some form of this theory. In the lion king, we see this with Simba. After a tragic event, Simba runs away broken and afraid. he meets some friends after they save him in the desert ( roadblock). As he grows up with his new friends his home is failing and needs saving. When Nala comes back she tells him to come home but still, Simba refuses. After his eye-opening talk with his father, Simba returns home and fights the bad guy. In the end, he is grown up and matured, taking his rightful place as king of the land.
Michel Foucault was a French Philosopher that is known for the idea of allowing the few to see the many but not the many to see the few. This is known as the panopticon. The panopticon is the main part of the framework of surveillance studies. He theorized that if a guard can watch over all the prisoners but they can not see him that would lead to a sense of fear in the prisoners and it would also allow the guards to watch but be safely away.
Joseph Campbell was a Literature professor at Sarah Lawrence College. He created the Hero’s Journey which is a universal guide to the journey of a hero throughout most if not all of literature. It begins with the call to adventure and ends with the inevitable return of the hero with things in between such as a mentor, a realization about something, and a coming into one's true self. Simba plays into this Hero’s Journey Circle where he gets his two mentors into Timon and Pumbaa, or when Nala comes back and urges him to return, would be the call to adventure. He also returns back to his rightful place back as king on pride rock. He also encountered death in the form of his father dying which later led to Simba changing.
1. The panopticon is an idea of constant surveillance. Foucault called it a discipline blockade and thought it was a cruel way to use one’s power. Panopticon is the idea that you are always being watched even when no one is around you. Today, that can look like security and surveillance cameras or apps that track movement/progress.
2. Joseph Campbell’s hero’s journey consists of a hero going through different stages of a journey. The first stage is the call to adventure. In the movie The Lion King, Simba’s adventure was becoming king. There are many other stages along the way like refusal (Simba running away), a supernatural aid (Pumba and Timon), the belly of the whale (“Hakuna Matata”), meeting the goddess (Nala), refusal of the return (not wanting to go home), magic flight (seeing his reflection), Return of the threshold (defeating scar and accepting he is king).
Michel Foucault's panopticon is focused on how French society had punishments through the new "humane" practices that he would be known as discipline or even surveillance. In his theory, he compared it to prisons, mental asylums, schools, workhouses, etc. He also believed that even though the new form of government no longer relied on torture, or public hangings as punishments, there was always going to be something to control people's bodies— by mostly focusing on their minds. This also produced obedient citizens who would comply with the social norms as a result of their behavior.
In Joseph Campbell's hero's journey, he claims there are 12 stages to a hero's journey. There are a few that pertain to the movie Lion King: the Hero exists before his present story beings, call to adventure, refusal of the call, meeting the mentor, tests, allies, enemies, etc. In the Lion King, at the very beginning of the movie, Simba exists before his actual story is ready to be told. This was during his baptism as a cub and his story of how he becomes king hasn't begun yet. Farther into the movie, like every other little kid, Simba is drawn to adventure and wanting to be brave just like his father(who is king). At the climax of the movie, Simba is all grown up and is having trouble remembering who he is, and what he has to be to protect the ones he loves. He is then helped out by his mentor the baboon, who leads him into remembering who he is. Throughout the movie, Simba is thrown tests and is helped out with allies, and to defeat his enemies in order to have things return back to normal. Which will make him the top lion(king).
1. Michel Foucault studied the architectural phenomenon of the Panopticon, which uses the idea that if there is a chance that any person is being watched, that person will always assume that they are being watched.
2. The Lion King is a great example of Joseph Campbell's hero's journey. Simba starts in an ordinary world and is called to adventure by the idea that he will someday be king. Mufasa, Rafiki, and Zazu act as Simba's mentors, prodding him along the path of becoming king. Simba crosses the first threshold by visiting the elephant boneyard and faces his first trials when he is attacked by the hyenas and scorned by Mufasa. Soon after, Simba faces his supreme ordeal when Mufasa dies and he is blamed by Scar. After being affected by this ordeal, Simba undergoes a transformation into a careless bum with Timon and Pumbaa and refuses to return to the true path. Later, aided by Rafiki, Nala, and Mufasa, Simba undergoes his final transformation and returns to his true path. Now, Simba passes the return threshold by going back to Pride Rock. Simba faces Scar, his final challenge, and becomes the ruler of all when he beats Scar. The ordinary world returns.
The panopticon was created by Michel Foucault as a way to control the minds of prisoners. They would be held in a prison shaped like a cylinder or a dome with cells facing the center. The prisoners would feel under constant surveillance, therefore, the panopticon was a useful type of punishment. The panopticon might also pressure the prisoners to act better. When surrounded by authority, even if they aren't looking directly at a singular person, people tend to work harder.
The hero's journey is an idea that relates to a character in any sort of composition going on an adventure, struggling through a challenge, overcoming it, then going back home a changed, better individual. In The Lion King, the hero's journey is evident. Simba is naive and self-absorbed, but he leaves and adventures with new friends because of the guilt of his father's death. Simba and Nala meet again, the baboon knocks some sense into Simba, and Simba goes home to defeat Scar. He adventured, struggled, overcame, and changed.
https://ethics.org.au/ethics-explainer-panopticon-what-is-the-panopticon-effect/
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/writing-101-what-is-the-heros-journey#the-heros-journey-in-literature-two-case-studies
Panopticon was put forth by Jeremy Bentham, and it was a way for prisons where they could have constant observations on prisoners. It also allowed so that the prisoners would still have no interaction or communication. Foucault saw Panopticon as a metaphor that helped him explore people in a disciplinary situation and the power-knowledge concept. He saw that power and knowledge came from observing people and it was the transition of power. Foucault would believe that having the knowledge and having an increase in power would reinforce one another in a circular process. He thought that power came by observing more, and always wanting to observe new objects.
http://www.moyak.com/papers/michel-foucault-power.html
The Hero's Journey is a very common story structure where the main character ventures into the unknown and has to face diversity and challenges before he ventures back to his home as a new person. The lion king uses the hero's journey by having Simba face problems at his home so he ventures away. Simba faces having to adjust to his new lifestyle by eating different things and having to make new friends. Simba is then forced to think about his past and Rafeke helped him account for his problems. He then made his journey back home to take back his home.
Michel Foucault was a French historian and philosopher. Michel was able to influence people on the topics of humanistic and social scientific disciplines. Foucault believes in the idea that power is everywhere and can therefore come from everything. Foucault believes that because of the power that is upon everyone and watching over everyone people can change to try and please or rather conform to the patterns of who is in power. The idea that power is everywhere enforces the idea that someone always needs to hold the power. A person will never find a gap in power because it "radiates" from everything and is an internal desire.
Joseph Campbell's theory on a hero's journey or how someone can become a hero is quite simple yet profound. According to Campbell, "A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself." Campbell believes that anyone can become a hero but that it must involve some kind of trial or painful experience that they must overcome. Campbell believes that a hero must face a sort of showdown that will truly test their genuine heroism and wit. Finally, a hero must return to the lifestyle that they once lived before. They are not meant to have a real physical reward but rather a mental reward; a way for them to see life differently. To go more into more of an overview of a "Hero's Journey," there are four main parts that come together to create a hero: call to atonement, supreme ordeal/initiation, transformation, and a hero's return.
Campbell's theory relates to the Lion King because Simba grew up and was designed to be viewed as "a hero," however, he was never given the chance until he was much older to fulfill his hero duties. Simba first had to consciously decide that he was going to help defend and overcome something that is difficult. This is the part where a hero is formed. In addition, Simba returned to the place of difficulty and hurt where he faced the one obstacle that would test his heart and mind. In the end, Simba had to return to the regular society and place that he came from. He wasn't given any real reward but he was given the insight and the knowledge to be a better king.
https://qz.com/1436608/this-classic-formula-can-show-you-how-to-live-more-heroically/
https://www.powercube.net/other-forms-of-power/foucault-power-is-everywhere/#:~:text=Foucault%20uses%20the%20term%20'power,induces%20regular%20effects%20of%20power.
The panopticon was originally a design for a prison. All the prisoners would be in cells that surround a tower. The tower would provide a view in all directions, forcing inmates to assume they were being watched at all times. Since they must expect constant surveillance, the prisoners will never escape. Michel Foucault believed this could be applied to society as a whole to enforce civilization upon everyone. The concept is more prevalent than ever, as cameras and digital tracking have become common.
Source- https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/english/theory/newhistoricism/modules/foucaultcarceral.html
The hero's journey is a simple story-writing structure. It can be broken into three major categories: the Passage, the Trial, and the Restoration. The Passage serves as the beginning of the story. The protagonist will discover the conflict as well as gain the ability to handle it. In the Trial, the hero will use his new capabilities to face and overcome the struggle. Finally, the Restoration is the hero's reflection on his change and how he has grown as a person. While many sources break it down into more specifics, these are the three grand ideas required to form the hero's journey. In the Lion King, Simba goes through all of these. His Passage is his father's death and his exile. His Trial is to return to Pride Rock and overthrow Scar. His Restoration can be seen with the prospering of the Pridelands and the baptism of his child.
Source- https://www.masterclass.com/articles/writing-101-what-is-the-heros-journey#what-is-the-heros-journey
Panopticon was used in building some prisons. The prisons would have a tower in the center. This tower allowed prisoners could be viewed by their silhouettes in their cells. The prisoners can believe that someone is always watching them. This lets the prisoners regulate themselves accordingly so they avoid punishment.
https://fs.blog/2014/07/the-panopticon-effect/
The Hero's Journey is a standard story structure. The hero would venture out and have to face challenges along the way. Often they would meet mentors and helpers to the character in this journey. Later they would return home as a changed person. The Lion King fits John Campbell's Hero's Journey. Simba is the main character who goes through the journey. He initially left because of Scar and then later returned because of Scar. A mentor when Simba was younger would be Mufasa unfortunately his time was cut short with him. Timon and Pumba ended up replacing Mufasa in this position (even though not all of their teachings were right). Helpers that made an occurrence during the story were Nala and Rafeke. They motivated Simba to return to the pride lands and take his rightful place as king.
http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Workshop-stuff/Joseph-Campbell-Hero-Journey.htm
A panopticon is a circular shaped prison in which prisoners are put in cells around the outside and there is a tower in the middle with a guard. This allows the guards to see the prisoners but the prisoners cannot see the guards. Michel Foucault thought this could be applied to society to make society more civilized.
Joseph Campell believed that anyone could become a hero by overcoming an issue they face. This relates to the Lion King because Simba becomes a hero by overcoming his issue of leaving the kingdom because of Scar. He overcomes this conflict by returning home and standing up to Scar in order to better the kingdom.
The panopticon effect is an interesting concept. It was created my Michael Foucalt and shows that if someone is always being observed and thinks they are being watched, they will self-regulate their behavior.
The hero's journey is a baseline for every hero story. The hero's journey theory states that there are around 8 parts for each story. They are the call to adventure, supernatural aid, threshold guardians, Challenges and temptations, Abyss/Revelation, Transformation, Atonement and the Return. Simba's story fits this quite well. His call to adventure is his dads death. He receives supernatural help both when he is running from the hyenas and also when Pumba and Timon find him. The threshold guardians are the hyenas. His Challenges and Temptations are his guilt over the death of his father. The abyss/Revelation is when he realized what he must do and his father speaks to him through the stars. From there he transforms and knows what he has to do. Atonement and Return fit into the same thing here because he returns and claims his throne as the rightful ruler.
Panopticon was a way for prison guards and officials were able to watch the prisoners without them knowing. A central obversion tower would be up high within the circle cells. The guards can see the prisoners but the prisoners cannot see the guards. “He is seen, but he does not see; he is an object of information, never a subject in communication.” says Micheal Foucault. Foucault thought the more strength and power you had would cause a circle effect. Resulting in the circle of life.
The Hero's Journey fits the lion king. At the begging of the lion king, Simba and Nala decide to go on a dangerous adventure to the unknown and end up getting caught up with hyenas. In the Hero's Journey, the main character is always going on some type of adventure or mission. Facing conflict which in the lion king's view that would be the hyenas at the begging of the movie.
The panopticon effect is a disciplinary concept brought to life in the form of a central observation tower placed within a circle of prison cells. Foucault was interested in power and social change. Michel Foucault’s idea started within prisons. At these prisons, a guard would stand a central tower and look down on inmates. The idea of this was he would be able to see the inmates but the inmates would not be able to see the guards. The prisoners therefore always had to act as though they were being watched.
Joseph Campbell wrote The Hero’s Journey. This idea of what he wrote was everyone can become a hero if they followed the steps to become one. You can grow and change throughout a certain story to potentially become a hero. It takes different paths in stories to become a hero. It starts out with an ordinary world, then moves to a call to adventure, and later moved into the special world. The Special World is where the character learns many lessons and most of the time usually ends up saving the day.
Michel Foucault’s idea of the panopticon was essentially a way to illustrate how power should work. He describes a prison that has a guard tower in the center, surrounded by a ring of prison cells. I think of it as the guard tower being a doughnut hole and the cells being the actual doughnut. Foucault then goes on to say that the power of the guards over the prisoners is visible and unverifiable. The prisoners can look out and see the guard tower (they can see the power) but they do not know if the guard is currently watching them or someone else (cannot tell if power is being used over them). Because the power is unverifiable, over time, the inmates just naturally followed the rules without the threat of violence or punishment.
Joseph Campbell’s idea of the hero’s journey is essentially that every hero will follow a simple path. They have a known world when they are called to adventure, or in Simba’s case, forced into the adventure by Scar. While in the unknown world, the hero faces new challenges, amends their past, and grows into a new person. For Simba, this was the challenge of adapting to a new environment with Simon and Pumba, growing up (both emotionally and physically), and facing the guilt of Mufasa’s death. Then, the hero faces something that will force him to return to what was once his home/known world (for Simba this is the news of the conditions of the Pridelands). The hero then returns to his world, faces the opposition, and lives happily ever after.
The panopticon is a structure that people can have constant surveillance. It is supposed to internalize rules within people and make them think they are always being watched, even if they aren't. Michel Foucault uses this idea to show how a government could control its people into thinking a certain way.
The hero's journey is a story structure that many books and movies follow. It includes a call to adventure, hardships, a transformation, and a return as the four most basic elements. The lion king is a good example of this, as Simba is forced away from his home, has to adapt to a new life, changes as a person, and finally returns to his kingdom.
https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/english/theory/newhistoricism/modules/foucaultcarceral.html
http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Workshop-stuff/Joseph-Campbell-Hero-Journey.htm
The panopticon effect is used in a variety of different scenarios. Michel's idea was through architecture and placement will give the guards a sense of power and the inmates a sense of being watched at all times. This obviously is the scenario of a prison in which guards stand in high towers looking down on the inmates while being awhile to see the whole prison. Since the inmates are supposedly being monitored at all times this depletes their attempts at escape. Michel wanted to apply this to society and has become more and more prevalent as technology in tracking devices and cameras are becoming more and more common.
The hero's journey is a very common story structure in which the protagonist leaves their home, ventures into the unknown, faces adversity, fights with an antagonist, and returns a changed person. Simba, the protagonist, is a clear candidate as the hero. He runs away from home after he believes Mufasa died because of him. He meets Timon and Pumba who teach him many life lessons and help him get over the burden of his father's death. Nala then finds Simba who she doesn't even recognize at first and tries to get him to go back. He then returns to his homeland, fights Scar, and restores the Pride Lands. This is as basic as a hero's journey story can get.
Michel Foucault’s panopticon is a semi-circular structure with a tower at its center that would have windows on the outside that would align. The circular or semi-circular part of the building would house people such as students, workers, or more aptly, prisoners. The whole premise is that the prisoner inside would know that they are being observed from the tower but they would not know when. This would more than likely force the prisoner to behave appropriately at all times. They would not dare to try to plot an escape. Michel even said that power should be visible and unverifiable; you know there is a power of authority observing you, but you don’t know how close you are being observed. Therefore, they are always living in submission. You don’t have to exert any force upon them.
Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey is this cycle that any character in an adventure would go through. For example, in The Lion King, Simba started off in his life with this thrill of adventure. He wanted to see his whole kingdom. When he gets run out of the Pridelands, that is when he enters the Unknown World in the Hero’s Journey. This is where he discovers himself, meets some mentors and helpers, overcomes obstacles that make him grow, and acknowledges his purpose. With the acknowledgment, Simba returns to the Known World of the Hero’s Journey, to the Pridelands. His final task of overthrowing Scar will make him master of both worlds and he can live peacefully where he belongs.
Michel Foucault used his work to make sense of how contemporary society is structured differently than the society that precedes us. He has also explored and observed how the government has claimed even control over people's lives and enforced our lives to be less private. Foucault used Panopticon as a model for what happened to society in the nineteenth century. A prison was used as an example, that the individual cells do not interact with one another, but are constantly being watched by the panoptic tower (all-seeing). Jeremy Bentham believed this is how society should function. He believed we should maintain order in a democratic and capitalist society and everyone should be under surveillance at any time.
"The Hero's Journey" is a lot like The Lion King. A hero's journey is a hero who goes on a journey, or an adventure and finds themself in a crisis and comes home transformed. Campbell came up with these 17 stages of the monomyth. The stages were organized into a number of ways which divided into three acts. The three acts are departure (or separation), initiation, and return. These acts are the exact way that the Lion King's plot was set up. Simba was separated from his father and departed. Next Scar was put in charge as king while Simba was gone, and then he made a return and took back the throne for himself and his lions.
Michael Foucault was a big believer in the freedom of people. To him, power exists and comes from everywhere. Power to Foucault isn't negative, to him he sees it as something that brings out the truth. Foucault was such a fan of Jeremy Bentham's idea of the Panopticon. He explored the relationship between systems of social control and people in trouble and the power-knowledge concept. He thinks that power and knowledge come from watching others.
http://www.moyak.com/papers/michel-foucault-power.html
Joseph Cambell's Hero's Journey is a twelve set process. It is a very common literary device used in storytelling. Cambell believed that anyone could become a hero. His twelve steps start with the adventure. As the story goes on the protagonist is faced with a challenge. They are then faced with many obstacles, meet new friends, and become a better person. Towards the end of the story the protagonist is faced with the original challenge again, but this time he/she is a different person and prepared for whatever they have to face.
https://qz.com/1436608/this-classic-formula-can-show-you-how-to-live-more-heroically/
Cambell's Hero's Journey is very clear in The Lion King. Simba is the protagonist and Scar is the antagonist. When Scar kills Mufasa and Simba runs away this is where his character development starts. He meets Timon and Pumbaa who teach him a different way to live. He starts to change with them. You can tell that he starts to care for them and not just himself anymore. Eventually, Nala finds Simba and tells him how Scar is ruining Pride Rock. This is where the Hero returns to the original challenge and must face it head-on. Simba beats Scar and becomes a hero to everyone in the Pride Land as well as becoming a great leader instead of becoming Narcissistic, like his younger self.
A french philosopher, Michel Foucault, was very interested in power and social change. He believed that applying panopticon in prisons, mental asylums, school, workhouses, and factories would be a more humane practice of discipline. Since it was just a form of surveillance, in which only a one way party can see, he believed all deviance could be made visible thus making it correctable.
Joseph Campell hero’s journey is the pathway in which a hero follows throughout some kind of story or situation. The Lion King is a very good example of this theory put into play. It starts with the hero “Simba” being called away for an adventure, but really Scar is scaring him away. Then Simba meets two helpers or mentors Timon & Pumba. Challenges begin to arise when Nala finds these three. It’s when Nala explains to Simba what is going on in the Pride lands that he must defeat his temptations (living with no worries) and realize where he must be. He transforms back into the King he is meant to be, the king his father taught him to be and he returns home to fight away the evil and take back what is rightfully his to save his family & home.
The panopticon is an architectural design that was used in prisons, insane asylums, schools, hospitals, and factories. They were used mainly on prisoners though. Instead of using torture methods, they would place the prisoners in these structures which would be observed constantly. The prisoners were allowed no communication with others and were isolated. The panopticon allowed Focault to “explore the relationship between systems of social control and people in a disciplinary situation and the power-knowledge concept.” The panopticon would make the prisoners feel like they were constantly being watched, which would then make them want to behave better so they wouldn’t have to be in the structure any longer.
http://www.moyak.com/papers/michel-foucault-power.html
The hero’s journey is when a character goes into uncharted territory/away from home, encounters conflict, overcomes that conflict, then triumphs home as a transformed character. This story parallels The Lion King because, in the beginning, Simba is a naive, egocentric character, but leaves Pride Rock because of his guilt over his father’s death. He then meets new friends that teach him a new way of life, which causes Simba to not care about his home or the past. Simba and Nala are reunited. Nala and Rafiki tell Simba about the troubles back at Pride Rock which then convinces Simba to return and fight Scar. Simba goes back a changed lion and regains the king position.
https://blog.reedsy.com/heros-journey/
Michel Foucault's theory on the panopticon is a strategy of discipline within a prison system. Foucault constructed an architectural prison blockade to make prisoners feel as though they were under constant surveillance. While some argue that this might be a form of cruel punishment and invasion of privacy, others would deem this as the perfect form of control within penitentiaries, schools, mental hospitals, etc.
"The Hero's Journey" can closely relate to "The Lion King" in the sense that the plot follows almost exactly in the same order. In the beginning, Simba is claimed to be the next king, hence "called to adventure", then the passing of Mufasa causes him to leave the kingdom—"resisting" the throne. He then realizes that his kingdom is suffering under Scar's ruling, so he returns, fights Scar to the death, and the kingdom returns to normal. At the end of the film, we see that he has a son, indicating that the cycle would repeat.
I found, through research, that Michel Foucault’s Panopticon is a concept of becoming all-seeing. The word panopticon breaks down to mean all (pano-) and seeing (opti-), hinting at the goal of this concept. A common example of such a structure is a prison tower. The tall tower would be placed in the center of the cells to give the tower guard a view of everything and everyone below him; however, the prisoners below would not be able to see into the tower or even know when they were being watched. While the tower acts as a literal application of this concept, the goal of a panopticon is actually to represent a perfected order of power: with fewer people ruling but more people being controlled. Foucault proposed that, eventually, all civilized activity would fall into this organization due to its efficiency and economic power.
Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey tells the common story of a hero who must overcome. As the basis of many well-known stories (The Lion King, Hercules, etc), the 12 steps defined by Campbell can apply to a character’s physical journey as well as a mental or emotional path. In the Lion King, Simba is called to be the next King, and he desires this power (call to adventure). While the power is enticing, he refuses to acknowledge the responsibilities of a king (refusal of the call). His father guides him and offers many words of advice over the course of the story’s beginning (meeting the mentor). As he grows and learns more from his support system, Simba realizes he will someday be the true king (crossing the threshold). Just as he is beginning to feel comfortable learning from his father, his father is tragically killed (tests, allies, and enemies). He runs away in shame and hides for many years until Nala reappears. With some persuading from Nala and Rafiki, Simba realized his calling and returned to challenge Scar (approach the inmost cave). He returns to face Scar and engages in a fierce battle (the ordeal). Simba wins back the Pride Lands (reward). Simba helps the Pride Lands heal under his rule (the road back). He establishes his rule, heals the land, and begins a family of his own (the resurrection). At the end of the movie, Simba’s daughter is raised to the kingdom, signifying rebirth (return with elixir). There are numerous ways to apply the hero’s journey to the Lion King, demonstrating the numerous opportunities within this concept.
Michel Foucault found an interest in power and social change. This idea specifically spoke to him while France transitioned from a monarchy to a democracy. To focus more on this idea of power and social change, he wrote a book called: Discipline and Punish. The book is about the new and improved humane way to disciple people in a prison, mental asylum, schools, factories, and workhouses. This leads to the new layout of the prison. Presented in a circular shape the blueprints to the new prison were almost in the shape of a donut. It was shaped this way to imitate the prisoners because they will never know when they are actually being watched.
The hero's journey is presented in a circle this relates to the circle of life; lion, grass, zebra. Not only does the shape of the hero's journey relate to The Lion King, but so does the meaning. Just like the journey, Simba was an ordinary lion cub eager to learn about becoming King. Life was fine until Scar told Simba about the elephant graveyard. This gave Simba a call to adventure. Even though he was told to never go to the graveyard repeatedly by the bird and his dad he still went and drug Nala with him. This eventually leads to a near-death experience, but fortunately, Nala and Simba both make it out safely. However, Scar was dissatisfied with Simba still being alive and put him in great danger leading to the King's death. Then, Simba runs away, but comes back and saves the day. So, yes the hero's journey is very similar to the adventure of Simba.
The Panopticon acted as a metaphor. This allowed Foucault to examine how power affected people in disciplinary ways. The prison was built so that the prisoners could be watched from every angle and still could not interact with the other inmates. By doing this he did not want to repress the inmates more so, he wanted to "carefully fabricate."
To examine this I looked at a picture to help visualize better. The Hero's Journey is similar to the circle of life. First, someone is called to go explore, then they are challenged to cross a thresh hold into the unknown. (Simba leaving Pride Rock)Then, they will obtain someone or something to help and mentor them on the way. (Timon and Pumba) This is where they will run into the most problems and temptation. (Simba does not want to leave) Now at the halfway point, they will have a revelation (death & rebirth). (Simba wants to go protect pride rock) Then they will go through a transformation, which changes them drastically. (Simba know that he want to protect his land)
To see without being seen. This is how I interpret Michel Foucault's study of panopticon. He created the panopticon for security, you can always see what a prisoner is doing but the prisoner won't know they are being watched. This in turn creates discipline.
Hero's Journey takes place when a character goes off in new territory to find something he is missing, whether it is emotionally or physically. He then meets new people and grew as a character. After facing his demons he returns home a hero. This relates directly to Lion King, Simba being the hero.
The panopticon effect is used every day its where people think that they are being watched or someone might observe them doing something the could be considered illegal. One example would be to stop at a red light when no one is around because they think that a police car might catch them going through it. Michel Foucault’s idea was to have a tower in the middle of a prison that the prisoners could not see into but if there was a person inside it they could see out; leads to needing fewer guards because the prisoners would punish themselves because they think someone might be watching them.
In the hero’s journey, Nala is supernaturally aided because she found Simba in the jungle where there was no reason why she should have been able to. She is also considered an ally because she tries to encourage Simba to do what is right. Timon and Pumba are also allies because they are willing to distract the hyenas so Simba can get to Scar and raise Simba from when he is young. When Simba refuses to return to Pride Rock he takes on one of the characteristics of Joseph Campbells hero’s journey he might have done this because he feels alone as he just watches the last adult he could have trusted walk away from him so he thinks that there is no one watching him when he makes that decision.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59458c43c534a57e3a063109/t/5945c744be65940bfeddb82f/1497745221638/The+Hero%27s+Journey1.pdf
https://cla.purdue.edu/academic/english/theory/newhistoricism/modules/foucaultcarceral.html
Michel Foucault was a French philosopher that researched society and how people come into control through society. His ideas of Panoptic society are displayed through his examples of people obtaining power through “enlightenment” or attempts to correct society and his examples of the government overtaking private aspects of society. Foucault also studies how incarcerations have changed from a physical state, such as torture, to an incarceration of thought and freedom. Foucalt studies how the best types of prisons are those where the inmates do not know when someone is watching. Because the inmates are oblivious, they assume they are always being watched and then do what they are supposed to without the constant supervision of officials. Foucault studies how this type of prisoner can be applied to society and everyday life. For example, modern technological advancements have allowed for governments to have a greater overview of people within their country. We see possible surveillance constantly—through our phones, the internet, ATMs, and even regular surveillance cameras.
Joseph Campbell's hero's journey is the outline for the story of a hero that embarks on a journey, overcomes a difficult decision or challenge, and comes home changed. The typical outline is a person who is called to adventure and with supernatural aid begins a transformation. This person will then face difficult decisions and challenges until the hero approaches a place of death. Once they overcome this challenge, they will be reborn and will have to atone for their previous sins. Once the hero has done this, the hero can return home. In the Lion King, Simba is called to adventure by going into the abyss with Nala. He is then chastised for his mistake. However, Scar tricked Simba into a trap which led to the death of Mufasa. Simba then ran away from his home, which was the beginning of the challenges that he faced. After years passed, Simba’s guilt pressed down on him, and with the help of supernatural power, Simba was reborn. He then went home but had to face Scar to reclaim his throne, which was his atonement for his sin. After he retook the throne, Simba went home.
The panopticon is a disciplinary concept brought to life in the form of a central observation tower placed within a circle of prison cells. Michel Foucault was a French philosopher who was a believer in the idea that this structure would induce a state of conscious visibility in an inmate. The panopticon gives off the idea that an inmate is being watched 24/7. Today, this allows us to identify panopticism in new technologies. Whether this is used for watching an employee or monitoring a child, it runs off the same idea of being watched.
https://ethics.org.au/ethics-explainer-panopticon-what-is-the-panopticon-effect/
Joseph Campbell's book Hero's Journey states that all mythological narratives share the same basic structure. It roughly follows three basic stages: departure, initiation, and return. This theory applies to the Lion King because Simba departs from his homeland. This instruction comes from the mentor figure Scar. In the initiation, Simba goes off and finds Timon and Pumba and has to face his past. He then fights for his rightful place as king. On return, he then realizes how much he has changed.
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/writing-101-what-is-the-heros-journey#joseph-campbell-and-the-heros-journey
1. Michel Foucault was a French philosopher. The panopticon is a disciplinary concept where guards sit in a tower in the center of a cell block. The guard in the tower can see every prison cell, yet the inmates can not see into the tower; this causes the effect on the prisoner to not act up because he may be being watched from the tower.
2. Joseph Campbell's book Hero's Journey says that all mythological characters share the same basic structure. A hero starts a journey, beats a difficult choice or challenge and comes home changed. This hits close to home with Simba in the movie. His father and king, Mufasa, is killed after saving him by his uncle Scar. Scar convinces young Simba it was his fault so Simba takes the easy way out and runs away. After years away Nala runs into Simba and it changes his mind knowing he has to go back and save the Pride Land.
1. Michel Foucault was influential because he tended to overturn accepted wisdom from the Enlightenment period. In the panopticon, his idea was that a perfect prison would be structured in a way that the cells would open to a central tower. The individuals in the cells would not interact with each other and would be constantly confronted by the panoptic tower. They can not see who is in the tower, but they must believe that they are being watched at every moment.
2. Joseph Campbell's book Hero's Journey can be explained very simply. A lonely hero is trying to find himself. He has an unexpected journey. This can be related to Simba very closely. He often gets left behind and is told he is not brave enough to go on adventures. Simba then adventures to the Elephant graveyard with Nala to try to prove his bravery. After Mufasa is killed, Simba runs away. The lonely lion is then the hero when he returns to the Pride land.
Michel Foucault's panopticon is a prison designed to make the inmates believe that they are always being watched while they are incarcerated. Guards or observers are able to watch the inmates without the inmates directly knowing that they are being watched. This gives automatic power to those that are outside of the cell, the inmates are being controlled through their own self-consciousness; the panopticon is like a control mechanism in that way.
Joseph Campbell's "The Hero's Journey" is said to be the standing stone for all heroic adventures. The hero beings the story with their call to adventure, this is where Simba from The Lion King goes to the shadow regions. Rafiki and Scar serve as the supernatural aid in the story, one saving him and one misleading him. The Hero's Journey circle then continues with phases like departure, initiation, and the return. We can see these phases being portrayed when Simba leaves Pride Rock, discovers himself and realizes his fate, battles Scar, and returns to be king.
The panopticon in The Lion King also seems paralleled when Simba and Mufasa believe that the Great Kings before them—in the form of stars—were watching them. They never knew when they were being watched, but they felt empowered throughout the story.
Jeremy Bentham's panopticon was used as a metaphor by Michel Foucault to prove his point that society has reconfigured punishment practices. A panopticon is a circular prison in which each inmate can be seen by the guards located in the watchtower. Therefore, the inmates will always act as if someone is watching them. The idea was that the inmates couldn't see the guards, but the guards could see the prisoners. Foucault believed that people can develop mental illnesses from the methods that we use to correct people from acting outside of the so-called "norm". Foucault is an outspoken critic of the panopticon.
Joseph Campbell believes that the hero's journey isn't just for classical heroes. but for all viewers. The hero's journey is a path of maturation that evolving humans go through throughout life. The twelve steps of the hero's journey include the ordinary world; the call of adventure, refusal of the call; meeting the mentor; crossing the first threshold; tests, allies, enemies; approach to the inmost cave; the ordeal; reward; the roadblock; resurrection; return with the elixir. In Disney's The Lion King, they display Simba's ordinary world as perfect. He can't wait to be king and his normal day-to-day life is luxurious. Simba's call to adventure is becoming king. But, Scar represents Simba's refusal of the call as he plots to get rid of Simba. Simba runs away from Pride Rock. Then, the audience meets Simba's mentors: Pumba and Timon. When Nala finds Simba in the jungle, Simba has crossed the first threshold. It is a scene of romance and the hero is now committed to the journey. Simba realizes his allies, the people who will help him fight for Pride Rock. The scene of Simba crossing the desert to return to pride rock represents the approach to the inmost cave. Simba faces the ordeal of the journey by confessing to the lionesses that he accidentally killed Mufasa. The fight between Scar and Simba is the road back/resurrection. The rain from the former lion kings represents the reward for the death of Scar. Simba walking up the same rock that he did in the first scene of the movie represents the return with the elixir.
According to Michel Foucault, the goal of the panopticon is not to watch a person at all times, but to make the incarcerated feel like they could be watched at any time, thus making prisoners police themselves He believes that isn't only useful for prison, in a smaller scale it could also be used for patients, children in school, and employees.
Joseph Campbell's hero journey is the template in which a protagonist goes on an adventure, faces trials/opposition, has an inner transformation, beats their challenge, and goes back home a different, almost always better, person. We see this in the Lion King through Simba. Simba leaves his home in shame after believing he killed his father, faces a personal dilemma about going back home or not, gains a sense of importance because people depend on him, as he is supposed to be king, defeats scar, and goes home as a mature and capable ruler.
Panopticon is an idea that transforms the mindset of many. The external reality becomes "habitual". Michel Foucault formed this idea by guards being used in a prison. The guards could see the inmates, but the inmates could not see the guards. This instilled a mindset in the prisoners that they should always act as if a guard is watching. Ultimately, the panopticon has the intent of regulating one's behavior.
The Hero's Journey, as explained by Joseph Campbell, gives readers an outline to analyze stories favoring the protagonist. It explains the steps that develop a character to rise to power and become a hero. For example, their first essential step is an awakening that calls and inspires them. Then they will go through many challenges while departing from their original land to find their purpose. After a climax or Supreme Ordeal, they have a revelation and return to their claim of power. This outline describes The Lion King almost exactly; Simba has an awakening after his father dies, he then goes away and builds as a character, then he has a revelation that the town needs him so he returns. This structural guide is also identified in many other pieces of literature such as Oedipus and shows character development while building the story.
Michel Foucault was a philosopher and writer. He focused on power how society can and should be run. He explored the invention of the Panopticon which is an architectural figure and an idea or mindset. Would be able to see without being seen. The prison he designs a prison with a tower in the middle which would never allow the prisoner to know when he's being watched just the tower.
https://fs.blog/2014/07/the-panopticon-effect/
Joseph Campbells "Hero's Journey" is a literary structure that is used all the time. Basically in short term, it is the idea that the hero or protagonist is forced to go to a foreign land, defeat foes, and win a battle or retrieve something. The hero returns home successfully and a changed person. It can be split into 3 parts departure (hero leaves home), Supreme ordeal (protagonist does task), and Reunification (hero returns home). In the Lion King, this is Mufasa's death. This leads to Simba leaving overcoming his grief and fear. He returns changed and defeats Scar. He then reunites the heards at p\Pride Rock.
Michel Foucault applied a Marxist lens to Jeremy Bentham’s invention of the panopticon. The panopticon is a prison system that consists of a central guard tower and is surrounded by a wall of cells. The guard tower is far enough away and the windows are small enough so that the prisoners can not see the guard but the guard can see all the prisoners. In a panopticon, the prisoners are constantly in a state of vulnerability and visibility. They never know when they are being seen—only that they can be seen—so they discipline themselves. Michel Foucault argued that the effect the panopticon has on prisoners also occurs with laws and law enforcers in everyday life. Citizens internalize authority similar to how prisoners internalize authority.
https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/13things/7121.html#:~:text=Jeremy%20Bentham%2C%20an%20English%20philosopher,prison%20system%20called%20the%20Panopticon.
Joseph Campbell was an American professor who worked with mythology and religion. During his studies, he erected the concept of monomyth—the theory that all mythic narratives are variations of a single great story. When studying mythology he noticed that a common narrative pattern exists among most myths. This central pattern was referred to as “the hero’s journey.” The hero’s journey consists of a character leaving home and going on an adventure, learning a lesson, wins a victory, and returns home. The plotline, however, does not always follow this exactly. In the Lion King, for example, the plotline shifts around. The adventure occurs after Simba was exiled by Scar; the lesson—Hakuna Matata—learned from Timon and Pumbaa; the return home after being “summoned” by Nala and Rafiki; then the victorious fight against Scar and the hyenas.
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/writing-101-what-is-the-heros-journey#what-is-the-heros-journey
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